Suchergebnisse

O presente trabalho se organiza na forma de um ensaio que toma como base para suas reflexões uma análise da realidade política e social do Brasil nos últimos anos e seus possíveis impactos no processo de formação de sujeitos críticos e conscientes. Nessa seara, são feitas também discussões que abarcam a educação, a escola e a política no cotidiano escolar em uma perspectiva pedagógica que se baseia no conflito como ferramenta educativa, bem como o diálogo com autores como Paulo Freire (2011; 2020), Moacir Gadotti (2003), Miguel Arroyo (1997; 2005), Neidson Rodrigues (2003) e Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2009) com vistas a problematizar o processo educativo contemporâneo e as práticas docentes. Ao fim, sem qualquer pretensão de prescrever modelos a serem seguidos, o trabalho aponta as potencialidades de uma prática docente progressista e dos estudantes como atores envolvidos no processo.

O objetivo do artigo é analisar o conjunto de obras publicadas por militares mineiros pertencentes à Polícia Militar, no interregno que se compreende da década de 60 à primeira metade da década de 90 do século XX. A análise visa um estudo verticalizado do conceito de Tradição idealizado por Hobsbawm em concomitância com as características do conjunto de livros, o que possibilita identificar as propostas metodológicas dos militares, bem como sua concepção no que se refere à História e Memória, além de diagnosticar o projeto levado a cabo pelos mesmos. A existência de uma Historiografia Militar Mineira com características próprias é tema que perpassa a reflexão no cerne do trabalho.

O objetivo do artigo é analisar o conjunto de obras publicadas por militares mineiros pertencentes à Polícia Militar, no interregno que se compreende da década de 60 à primeira metade da década de 90 do século XX. A análise visa um estudo verticalizado do conceito de Tradição idealizado por Hobsbawm em concomitância com as características do conjunto de livros, o que possibilita identificar as propostas metodológicas dos militares, bem como sua concepção no que se refere à História e Memória, além de diagnosticar o projeto levado a cabo pelos mesmos. A existência de uma Historiografia Militar Mineira com características próprias é tema que perpassa a reflexão no cerne do trabalho.

Purpose
This study aims to analyse the effect of borrower's countries on syndicated loan spreads, featuring countries according to institutional factors, namely, financial systems and corporate governance systems.


Design/methodology/approach
This study is an empirical investigation based on a unique sample of more than 85,000 syndicated loans from 122 countries. The paper uses standard and two-stage least squares regression analysis to test whether the types of financial and corporate governance systems affect loan spreads.


Findings
The paper finds that borrowers from countries with financial systems oriented towards the banking-based paradigm pay lower interest rate spreads than those from countries with financial systems oriented towards the market-based paradigm. In addition, there is evidence that borrowers from countries with more developed financial systems pay lower spreads. The results also show that borrowers from countries with an Anglo-Saxon governance system pay higher spreads than borrowers from countries with a Continental governance system.


Research limitations/implications
This study does not consider potential promiscuous relationships that can arise at the ownership structure and governance level between banks and borrowers and may affect loan spreads.


Practical implications
This study suggests that financial and corporate governance systems are essential factors in the financial intermediation process. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that corporates with higher potential agency costs and higher potential information asymmetry are requested to pay higher spreads. Therefore, the opportunities to such corporates invest optimally tend to be scarcer.


Originality/value
The paper highlights the impact of institutional factors on the cost of financing, characterising the countries according to the type of financial system and the type of corporate governance system. The study finds that borrowers from countries with bank-based financial systems pay lower interest rate spreads than those from countries with market-based financial systems. The paper also highlights how the level of financial development affects the cost of financing. The paper focusses on non-financial firms, unlike financial firms, which have been the focus of several empirical studies on topics relating to the cost of funding and corporate governance.

The term "corporate brand" has been widely used in literature since the eighties. According to Balmer (1998) this concept tends to be used as an alternative to the concept of corporate identity. The author argues that the use of branding principles to discuss corporate identity has tended to align the area more closely with marketing. However, the literature on brand management (Aaker, 1991; Kapferer, 1991 and de Chernatony and McDonald, 1992), gives little attention to the corporate brand" (p. 985). Based on the concepts of corporate brand, brand identity and B2B relationship, the authors are interested in eliminating this gap in literature by designing a framework of corporate brand identity management. The aim of this investigation is to investigate the impact of B2B relationships in corporate brand identity management. The methodology used is quantitative analysis of surveys and scale development. The originality of this paper is to investigate the influence of the relationship between brands in corporate brand identity. This investigation is very important to help the decisions of the corporate brand managers and academics. According to literature, namely on corporate brands (Balmer 2002b, Hatch and Schultz, 2001, 2003) and on brand identity (Kapferer, 1991, 2008, Aaker, 1996, de Chernatony, 1999) the authors developed a corporate brand identity management framework considering relationships between brands a context variable with definite impact on identity management as stated by Hakansson and Snehota (1989, 1995). These authors consider that organisations´ identity management is pursued under a relational perspective with impact on identity management. Most researchers on identity and corporate brand emphasise the importance of external influences (Kennedy, 1977; King, 1991; de Chernatony, 1999; Balmer and Gray, 2000; Balmer, 2002a). Those influences concern legislation, concurrence, political issues. and stakeholders' perceptions and reputations (due to the holistic approach demanded by corporate brands). In this context the authors claim the importance of another influence: B2B relationships. This decision is inspired in sociological studies (Mannheim, 1950; and Tajfel and Turner, 1979) regarding individual identity. These authors claim that individuals form their personality by interacting in the social field. The authors argue that corporate brand identity also develops itself under a relational approach. The relationships selected to pursue this investigation are the ones that are developed by Portuguese universities and investigation centres that cooperate by developing investigation. Those centres are administrative and financially autonomous ; CIICESI

Extraordinary amounts of public funds and/or assistance were made available to banks since the onset of the 2007–8 financial crises. Governments worldwide have launched a massive bailout package to support banks in distress. Using a probit model, this article investigates the likelihood of bailouts following the financial crisis. Our results lead us to conclude that the governance characteristics of banks, specifically the characteristics of boards, bank risks, as well as bank-level and country-specific banking sector features, explain the likelihood of bailouts in the European banking sector. In particular, we find that board banking experience, longer directors' tenure, less busy boards, and the existence of a corporate governance committee decrease the likelihood of banks participating in a bailout programme. Inversely, board independence, credit, and liquidity risks increase the probability of banks being bailed out. Furthermore, fewer limitations on banking freedom and greater openness of the banking sector have a harmful impact on the occurrence of bailouts. Our study therefore suggests relevant policy implications, which might help supervisors, regulators, and other public authorities in avoiding costly bailouts.

Os acidentes com animais peçonhentos têm importância na saúde pública, sendo fundamental ações educativas para prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamentos. No Brasil, os soros hiperimunes são preconizados para o tratamento dos acidentados. Esses produtos são produzidos por laboratórios oficiais seguindo requisitos das Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e distribuídos gratuitamente pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Buscando atender uma demanda da sociedade, o projeto de extensão "Kaizen: Formação de recursos humanos e o aperfeiçoamento contínuo profissional, institucional e social sobre animais peçonhentos e a produção de soros na saúde pública" estabeleceu uma parceria entre o Instituto Vital Brazil (IVB) e o Curso de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ-Macaé) para o desenvolvimento de ciclos de ações educativas para diferentes públicos. O primeiro ciclo foi realizado pela universidade e direcionado aos colaboradores do IVB envolvendo conteúdos das BPF. O segundo ciclo foi realizado pelo IVB para o público de Macaé e municípios limítrofes com a participação de estudantes de ensino fundamental, médio e superior, além de agentes de combate de endemias, exército brasileiro, defesa civil, centro de zoonoses e guarda ambiental. Após a realização das ações, formulários de avaliação foram fornecidos aos participantes, observando-se alto grau de satisfação. Dessa forma, as ações contribuíram para o aprimoramento do conhecimento das BPF, além de ampliar os espaços de construção do conhecimento e aprendizagem para evitar os acidentes com animais peçonhentos, assim como nos tratamentos e produção dos soros hiperimunes e distribuição na saúde pública.